一、里氏硬度計測試基本原理
隨著單片技術(shù)的發(fā)展,1978年,瑞士人Leeb博士首次提出了一種全新的測硬方法,它的基本原理是具有一定質(zhì)量的沖擊體在一定的試驗力作用下沖擊試樣表面,測量沖擊體距試樣表面1mm處的沖擊速度與回跳速度,利用電磁原理,感應(yīng)與速度成正比的電壓。里氏硬度值以沖擊體回跳速度與沖擊速度之比來表示。
計算公式:HL=1000*(VB/VA)
式中:HL——里氏硬度值
VB——沖擊體回跳速度
VA——沖擊體沖擊速度
二、里氏硬度計的測量范圍
根據(jù)里氏原理,只要材料具備一定剛性,能形成反彈,就能測出準(zhǔn)確的里氏硬度值,但很多材料里氏與其它制式的硬度沒有相應(yīng)的換算關(guān)系,因此里氏硬度計目前只裝了9種材料的換算表。具體材料如下:鋼和鑄鋼,合金工具鋼,灰鑄鐵,球墨鑄鐵,鑄鋁合金,銅鋅合金,銅錫合金,純銅,不銹銅。
三、里氏硬度計測量范圍表
材料
|
硬度制
|
沖擊裝置
|
D/DC
|
D+15
|
C
|
G
|
E
|
DL
|
Steel and cast
steel鋼和鑄鋼
|
HRC
|
17.9–68.5
|
19.3–67.9
|
20.0–69.5
|
|
22.4–707
|
20.3–68.2
|
HRB
|
59.6–99.6
|
|
|
47.7–99.9
|
|
37.0–99.9
|
HRA
|
59.1–85.8
|
|
|
|
61.7–88.0
|
|
HB
|
127–651
|
80–638
|
80–683
|
90–646
|
83–663
|
81–646
|
HV
|
83–976
|
80–937
|
80–996
|
|
84–1042
|
80–950
|
HS
|
32.2–99.5
|
33.3–99.3
|
31.8–102.1
|
|
35.8–102.6
|
30.6–96.8
|
Steel鍛鋼
|
HB
|
143–650
|
|
|
|
|
|
CWT,ST
合金工具鋼
|
HRC
|
20.4–67.1
|
19.8–68.2
|
20.7–68.2
|
|
22.6–70.2
|
|
HV
|
80–898
|
80–935
|
100–941
|
|
82–1009
|
|
Stainless steel
不銹鋼
|
HRB
|
46.5–101.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
HB
|
85–655
|
|
|
|
|
|
HV
|
85–802
|
|
|
|
|
|
GC,IRON
灰鑄鐵
|
HRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HB
|
93–334
|
|
|
92–326
|
|
|
HV
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NC,IRON
球墨鑄鐵
|
HRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HB
|
131–387
|
|
|
127–364
|
|
|
HV
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C,ALUM
鑄鋁合金
|
HB
|
19–164
|
|
23–210
|
32–168
|
|
|
HRB
|
23.8–84.6
|
|
22.7–85.0
|
23.8–85.5
|
|
|
BRASS
銅鋅合金
|
HB
|
40–173
|
|
|
|
|
|
HRB
|
13.5–95.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
BRONZE
銅錫(鋁)合金
|
HB
|
60–290
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPPER純銅
|
HB
|
45–315
|
|
|
|
|
|
四、里氏硬度計示值誤差和示值重復(fù)性表
序號
|
沖擊裝置類型
|
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里氏硬度塊硬度值
|
示值誤差
|
示值重復(fù)性
|
1
|
D
|
760±30HLD
530±40HLD
|
±6HLD
±10HLD
|
6HLD
10HLD
|
2
|
DC
|
760±30HLDC
530±40HLDC
|
±6HLDC
±10HLDC
|
6HLDC
10HLDC
|
3
|
DL
|
878±30HLDL
736±40HLDL
|
±12HLDL
|
12HLDL
|
4
|
D+15
|
766±30HLD+15
544±40HLD+15
|
±12HLD+15
|
12HLD+15
|
5
|
G
|
590±40HLG
500±40HLG
|
±12HLG
|
12HLG
|
6
|
E
|
725±30HLE
508±40HLE
|
±12HLE
|
12HLE
|
7
|
C
|
822±30HLC
590±40HLC
|
±12HLC
|
12HLC
|